Japanese Era Names (Gengō)

A complete list of all Japanese era names (nengō/gengō) from Taika (645 CE) to Reiwa, one row per year. Includes Northern and Southern Court eras of the Nanbokuchō period.

No era name South Court North Court Nanbokuchō period (1336–1392): Southern and Northern Courts shown separately

Year (CE)	Era Name (Year)			Year
Modern Era (Meiji–present)
2026	令和 Reiwa			Year 8
2025				Year 7
2024				Year 6
2023				Year 5
2022				Year 4
2021				Year 3
2020				Year 2
2019				Year 1
2018	平成 Heisei			Year 30
2017				Year 29
2016				Year 28
2015				Year 27
2014				Year 26
2013				Year 25
2012				Year 24
2011				Year 23
2010				Year 22
2009				Year 21
2008				Year 20
2007				Year 19
2006				Year 18
2005				Year 17
2004				Year 16
2003				Year 15
2002				Year 14
2001				Year 13
2000				Year 12
1999				Year 11
1998				Year 10
1997				Year 9
1996				Year 8
1995				Year 7
1994				Year 6
1993				Year 5
1992				Year 4
1991				Year 3
1990				Year 2
1989				Year 1
1988	昭和 Shōwa			Year 63
1987				Year 62
1986				Year 61
1985				Year 60
1984				Year 59
1983				Year 58
1982				Year 57
1981				Year 56
1980				Year 55
1979				Year 54
1978				Year 53
1977				Year 52
1976				Year 51
1975				Year 50
1974				Year 49
1973				Year 48
1972				Year 47
1971				Year 46
1970				Year 45
1969				Year 44
1968				Year 43
1967				Year 42
1966				Year 41
1965				Year 40
1964				Year 39
1963				Year 38
1962				Year 37
1961				Year 36
1960				Year 35
1959				Year 34
1958				Year 33
1957				Year 32
1956				Year 31
1955				Year 30
1954				Year 29
1953				Year 28
1952				Year 27
1951				Year 26
1950				Year 25
1949				Year 24
1948				Year 23
1947				Year 22
1946				Year 21
1945				Year 20
1944				Year 19
1943				Year 18
1942				Year 17
1941				Year 16
1940				Year 15
1939				Year 14
1938				Year 13
1937				Year 12
1936				Year 11
1935				Year 10
1934				Year 9
1933				Year 8
1932				Year 7
1931				Year 6
1930				Year 5
1929				Year 4
1928				Year 3
1927				Year 2
1926				Year 1
1925	大正 Taishō			Year 14
1924				Year 13
1923				Year 12
1922				Year 11
1921				Year 10
1920				Year 9
1919				Year 8
1918				Year 7
1917				Year 6
1916				Year 5
1915				Year 4
1914				Year 3
1913				Year 2
1912				Year 1
1911	明治 Meiji			Year 44
1910				Year 43
1909				Year 42
1908				Year 41
1907				Year 40
1906				Year 39
1905				Year 38
1904				Year 37
1903				Year 36
1902				Year 35
1901				Year 34
1900				Year 33
1899				Year 32
1898				Year 31
1897				Year 30
1896				Year 29
1895				Year 28
1894				Year 27
1893				Year 26
1892				Year 25
1891				Year 24
1890				Year 23
1889				Year 22
1888				Year 21
1887				Year 20
1886				Year 19
1885				Year 18
1884				Year 17
1883				Year 16
1882				Year 15
1881				Year 14
1880				Year 13
1879				Year 12
1878				Year 11
1877				Year 10
1876				Year 9
1875				Year 8
1874				Year 7
1873				Year 6
1872				Year 5
1871				Year 4
1870				Year 3
1869				Year 2
1868				Year 1
Edo Period
1867	慶応 Keiō			Year 3
1866				Year 2
1865				Year 1
1864	元治 Genji			Year 1
1863	文久 Bunkyū			Year 3
1862				Year 2
1861				Year 1
1860	万延 Man'ei			Year 1
1859	安政 Ansei			Year 6
1858				Year 5
1857				Year 4
1856				Year 3
1855				Year 2
1854				Year 1
1853	嘉永 Kaei			Year 6
1852				Year 5
1851				Year 4
1850				Year 3
1849				Year 2
1848				Year 1
1847	弘化 Kōka			Year 4
1846				Year 3
1845				Year 2
1844				Year 1
1843	天保 Tenpō			Year 14
1842				Year 13
1841				Year 12
1840				Year 11
1839				Year 10
1838				Year 9
1837				Year 8
1836				Year 7
1835				Year 6
1834				Year 5
1833				Year 4
1832				Year 3
1831				Year 2
1830				Year 1
1829	文政 Bunsei			Year 12
1828				Year 11
1827				Year 10
1826				Year 9
1825				Year 8
1824				Year 7
1823				Year 6
1822				Year 5
1821				Year 4
1820				Year 3
1819				Year 2
1818				Year 1
1817	文化 Bunka			Year 14
1816				Year 13
1815				Year 12
1814				Year 11
1813				Year 10
1812				Year 9
1811				Year 8
1810				Year 7
1809				Year 6
1808				Year 5
1807				Year 4
1806				Year 3
1805				Year 2
1804				Year 1
1803	享和 Kyōwa			Year 3
1802				Year 2
1801				Year 1
1800	寛政 Kansei			Year 12
1799				Year 11
1798				Year 10
1797				Year 9
1796				Year 8
1795				Year 7
1794				Year 6
1793				Year 5
1792				Year 4
1791				Year 3
1790				Year 2
1789				Year 1
1788	天明 Tenmei			Year 8
1787				Year 7
1786				Year 6
1785				Year 5
1784				Year 4
1783				Year 3
1782				Year 2
1781				Year 1
1780	安永 An'ei			Year 9
1779				Year 8
1778				Year 7
1777				Year 6
1776				Year 5
1775				Year 4
1774				Year 3
1773				Year 2
1772				Year 1
1771	明和 Meiwa			Year 8
1770				Year 7
1769				Year 6
1768				Year 5
1767				Year 4
1766				Year 3
1765				Year 2
1764				Year 1
1763	宝暦 Hōreki			Year 13
1762				Year 12
1761				Year 11
1760				Year 10
1759				Year 9
1758				Year 8
1757				Year 7
1756				Year 6
1755				Year 5
1754				Year 4
1753				Year 3
1752				Year 2
1751				Year 1
1750	寛延 Kan'en			Year 3
1749				Year 2
1748				Year 1
1747	延享 Enkyō			Year 4
1746				Year 3
1745				Year 2
1744				Year 1
1743	寛保 Kanpō			Year 3
1742				Year 2
1741				Year 1
1740	元文 Genbun			Year 5
1739				Year 4
1738				Year 3
1737				Year 2
1736				Year 1
1735	享保 Kyōhō			Year 20
1734				Year 19
1733				Year 18
1732				Year 17
1731				Year 16
1730				Year 15
1729				Year 14
1728				Year 13
1727				Year 12
1726				Year 11
1725				Year 10
1724				Year 9
1723				Year 8
1722				Year 7
1721				Year 6
1720				Year 5
1719				Year 4
1718				Year 3
1717				Year 2
1716				Year 1
1715	正徳 Shōtoku			Year 5
1714				Year 4
1713				Year 3
1712				Year 2
1711				Year 1
1710	宝永 Hōei			Year 7
1709				Year 6
1708				Year 5
1707				Year 4
1706				Year 3
1705				Year 2
1704				Year 1
1703	元禄 Genroku			Year 16
1702				Year 15
1701				Year 14
1700				Year 13
1699				Year 12
1698				Year 11
1697				Year 10
1696				Year 9
1695				Year 8
1694				Year 7
1693				Year 6
1692				Year 5
1691				Year 4
1690				Year 3
1689				Year 2
1688				Year 1
1687	貞享 Jōkyō			Year 4
1686				Year 3
1685				Year 2
1684				Year 1
1683	天和 Tenna			Year 3
1682				Year 2
1681				Year 1
1680	延宝 Enpō			Year 8
1679				Year 7
1678				Year 6
1677				Year 5
1676				Year 4
1675				Year 3
1674				Year 2
1673				Year 1
1672	寛文 Kanbun			Year 12
1671				Year 11
1670				Year 10
1669				Year 9
1668				Year 8
1667				Year 7
1666				Year 6
1665				Year 5
1664				Year 4
1663				Year 3
1662				Year 2
1661				Year 1
1660	万治 Manji			Year 3
1659				Year 2
1658				Year 1
1657	明暦 Meireki			Year 3
1656				Year 2
1655				Year 1
1654	承応 Jōō			Year 3
1653				Year 2
1652				Year 1
1651	慶安 Keian			Year 4
1650				Year 3
1649				Year 2
1648				Year 1
1647	正保 Shōho			Year 4
1646				Year 3
1645				Year 2
1644				Year 1
1643	寛永 Kan'ei			Year 20
1642				Year 19
1641				Year 18
1640				Year 17
1639				Year 16
1638				Year 15
1637				Year 14
1636				Year 13
1635				Year 12
1634				Year 11
1633				Year 10
1632				Year 9
1631				Year 8
1630				Year 7
1629				Year 6
1628				Year 5
1627				Year 4
1626				Year 3
1625				Year 2
1624				Year 1
1623	元和 Genna			Year 9
1622				Year 8
1621				Year 7
1620				Year 6
1619				Year 5
1618				Year 4
1617				Year 3
1616				Year 2
1615				Year 1
Azuchi-Momoyama Period
1614	慶長 Keichō			Year 19
1613				Year 18
1612				Year 17
1611				Year 16
1610				Year 15
1609				Year 14
1608				Year 13
1607				Year 12
1606				Year 11
1605				Year 10
1604				Year 9
1603				Year 8
1602				Year 7
1601				Year 6
1600				Year 5
1599				Year 4
1598				Year 3
1597				Year 2
1596				Year 1
1595	文禄 Bunroku			Year 4
1594				Year 3
1593				Year 2
1592				Year 1
1591	天正 Tenshō			Year 19
1590				Year 18
1589				Year 17
1588				Year 16
1587				Year 15
1586				Year 14
1585				Year 13
1584				Year 12
1583				Year 11
1582				Year 10
1581				Year 9
1580				Year 8
1579				Year 7
1578				Year 6
1577				Year 5
1576				Year 4
1575				Year 3
1574				Year 2
1573				Year 1
Muromachi Period
1572	元亀 Genki			Year 3
1571				Year 2
1570				Year 1
1569	永禄 Eiroku			Year 12
1568				Year 11
1567				Year 10
1566				Year 9
1565				Year 8
1564				Year 7
1563				Year 6
1562				Year 5
1561				Year 4
1560				Year 3
1559				Year 2
1558				Year 1
1557	弘治 Kōji			Year 3
1556				Year 2
1555				Year 1
1554	天文 Tenbun			Year 23
1553				Year 22
1552				Year 21
1551				Year 20
1550				Year 19
1549				Year 18
1548				Year 17
1547				Year 16
1546				Year 15
1545				Year 14
1544				Year 13
1543				Year 12
1542				Year 11
1541				Year 10
1540				Year 9
1539				Year 8
1538				Year 7
1537				Year 6
1536				Year 5
1535				Year 4
1534				Year 3
1533				Year 2
1532				Year 1
1531	享禄 Kyōroku			Year 4
1530				Year 3
1529				Year 2
1528				Year 1
1527	大永 Daiei			Year 7
1526				Year 6
1525				Year 5
1524				Year 4
1523				Year 3
1522				Year 2
1521				Year 1
1520	永正 Eishō			Year 17
1519				Year 16
1518				Year 15
1517				Year 14
1516				Year 13
1515				Year 12
1514				Year 11
1513				Year 10
1512				Year 9
1511				Year 8
1510				Year 7
1509				Year 6
1508				Year 5
1507				Year 4
1506				Year 3
1505				Year 2
1504				Year 1
1503	文亀 Bunki			Year 3
1502				Year 2
1501				Year 1
1500	明応 Meiō			Year 9
1499				Year 8
1498				Year 7
1497				Year 6
1496				Year 5
1495				Year 4
1494				Year 3
1493				Year 2
1492				Year 1
1491	延徳 Entoku			Year 3
1490				Year 2
1489				Year 1
1488	長享 Chōkyō			Year 2
1487	長享 Chōkyō			Year 1
1486	文明 Bunmei			Year 18
1485				Year 17
1484				Year 16
1483				Year 15
1482				Year 14
1481				Year 13
1480				Year 12
1479				Year 11
1478				Year 10
1477				Year 9
1476				Year 8
1475				Year 7
1474				Year 6
1473				Year 5
1472				Year 4
1471				Year 3
1470				Year 2
1469				Year 1
1468	応仁 Ōnin			Year 2
1467	応仁 Ōnin			Year 1
1466	文正 Bunshō			Year 1
1465	寛正 Kanshō			Year 6
1464				Year 5
1463				Year 4
1462				Year 3
1461				Year 2
1460				Year 1
1459	長禄 Chōroku			Year 3
1458				Year 2
1457				Year 1
1456	康正 Kōshō			Year 2
1455	康正 Kōshō			Year 1
1454	享徳 Kyōtoku			Year 3
1453				Year 2
1452				Year 1
1451	宝徳 Hōtoku			Year 3
1450				Year 2
1449				Year 1
1448	文安 Bun'an			Year 5
1447				Year 4
1446				Year 3
1445				Year 2
1444				Year 1
1443	嘉吉 Kakitsu			Year 3
1442				Year 2
1441				Year 1
1440	永享 Eikyō			Year 12
1439				Year 11
1438				Year 10
1437				Year 9
1436				Year 8
1435				Year 7
1434				Year 6
1433				Year 5
1432				Year 4
1431				Year 3
1430				Year 2
1429				Year 1
1428	正長 Shōchō			Year 1
1427	応永 Ōei			Year 34
1426				Year 33
1425				Year 32
1424				Year 31
1423				Year 30
1422				Year 29
1421				Year 28
1420				Year 27
1419				Year 26
1418				Year 25
1417				Year 24
1416				Year 23
1415				Year 22
1414				Year 21
1413				Year 20
1412				Year 19
1411				Year 18
1410				Year 17
1409				Year 16
1408				Year 15
1407				Year 14
1406				Year 13
1405				Year 12
1404				Year 11
1403				Year 10
1402				Year 9
1401				Year 8
1400				Year 7
1399				Year 6
1398				Year 5
1397				Year 4
1396				Year 3
1395				Year 2
1394				Year 1
Northern & Southern Courts Period (Nanbokuchō)
1393			明徳 Meitoku	Year 4
1392				Year 3
1391	元中 Genchū	Year 8		Year 2
1390		Year 7		Year 1
1389		Year 6	康応 Kōō	Year 1
1388		Year 5	嘉慶 Kakei	Year 2
1387		Year 4	嘉慶 Kakei	Year 1
1386		Year 3	至徳 Shitoku	Year 3
1385		Year 2		Year 2
1384		Year 1		Year 1
1383	弘和 Kōwa	Year 3	永徳 Eitoku	Year 3
1382		Year 2		Year 2
1381		Year 1		Year 1
1380	天授 Tenju	Year 6	康暦 Kōryaku	Year 2
1379		Year 5	康暦 Kōryaku	Year 1
1378		Year 4	永和 Eiwa	Year 4
1377		Year 3		Year 3
1376		Year 2		Year 2
1375		Year 1		Year 1
1374	文中 Bunchū	Year 3	応安 Ōan	Year 7
1373		Year 2		Year 6
1372		Year 1		Year 5
1371	建徳 Kentoku	Year 2		Year 4
1370	建徳 Kentoku	Year 1		Year 3
1369	正平 Shōhei	Year 24		Year 2
1368		Year 23		Year 1
1367		Year 22	貞治 Jōji	Year 6
1366		Year 21		Year 5
1365		Year 20		Year 4
1364		Year 19		Year 3
1363		Year 18		Year 2
1362		Year 17		Year 1
1361		Year 16	康安 Kōan	Year 1
1360		Year 15	延文 Enbun	Year 5
1359		Year 14		Year 4
1358		Year 13		Year 3
1357		Year 12		Year 2
1356		Year 11		Year 1
1355		Year 10	文和 Bunna	Year 4
1354		Year 9		Year 3
1353		Year 8		Year 2
1352		Year 7		Year 1
1351		Year 6	観応 Kannō	Year 2
1350		Year 5	観応 Kannō	Year 1
1349		Year 4	貞和 Jōwa	Year 5
1348		Year 3		Year 4
1347		Year 2		Year 3
1346		Year 1		Year 2
1345	興国 Kōkoku	Year 6		Year 1
1344		Year 5	康永 Kōei	Year 3
1343		Year 4		Year 2
1342		Year 3		Year 1
1341		Year 2	暦応 Ryakuō	Year 4
1340		Year 1		Year 3
1339	延元 Engen	Year 4		Year 2
1338		Year 3		Year 1
1337		Year 2
1336		Year 1
1335	建武 Kenmu			Year 2
1334	建武 Kenmu			Year 1
1333	元弘 Genkō			Year 3
1332				Year 2
1331				Year 1
Kamakura Period
1330	元徳 Gentoku			Year 2
1329	元徳 Gentoku			Year 1
1328	嘉暦 Karyaku			Year 3
1327				Year 2
1326				Year 1
1325	正中 Shōchū			Year 2
1324	正中 Shōchū			Year 1
1323	元亨 Genkō			Year 3
1322				Year 2
1321				Year 1
1320	元応 Gen'ō			Year 2
1319	元応 Gen'ō			Year 1
1318	文保 Bunpō			Year 2
1317	文保 Bunpō			Year 1
1316	正和 Shōwa			Year 5
1315				Year 4
1314				Year 3
1313				Year 2
1312				Year 1
1311	応長 Ōchō			Year 1
1310	延慶 Enkyō			Year 3
1309				Year 2
1308				Year 1
1307	徳治 Tokuji			Year 2
1306	徳治 Tokuji			Year 1
1305	嘉元 Kagen			Year 3
1304				Year 2
1303				Year 1
1302	乾元 Kengen			Year 1
1301	正安 Shōan			Year 3
1300				Year 2
1299				Year 1
1298	永仁 Einin			Year 6
1297				Year 5
1296				Year 4
1295				Year 3
1294				Year 2
1293				Year 1
1292	正応 Shōō			Year 5
1291				Year 4
1290				Year 3
1289				Year 2
1288				Year 1
1287	弘安 Kōan			Year 10
1286				Year 9
1285				Year 8
1284				Year 7
1283				Year 6
1282				Year 5
1281				Year 4
1280				Year 3
1279				Year 2
1278				Year 1
1277	建治 Kenji			Year 3
1276				Year 2
1275				Year 1
1274	文永 Bun'ei			Year 11
1273				Year 10
1272				Year 9
1271				Year 8
1270				Year 7
1269				Year 6
1268				Year 5
1267				Year 4
1266				Year 3
1265				Year 2
1264				Year 1
1263	弘長 Kōchō			Year 3
1262				Year 2
1261				Year 1
1260	文応 Bun'ō			Year 1
1259	正元 Shōgen			Year 1
1258	正嘉 Shōka			Year 2
1257	正嘉 Shōka			Year 1
1256	康元 Kōgen			Year 1
1255	建長 Kenchō			Year 7
1254				Year 6
1253				Year 5
1252				Year 4
1251				Year 3
1250				Year 2
1249				Year 1
1248	宝治 Hōji			Year 2
1247	宝治 Hōji			Year 1
1246	寛元 Kangen			Year 4
1245				Year 3
1244				Year 2
1243				Year 1
1242	仁治 Ninji			Year 3
1241				Year 2
1240				Year 1
1239	延応 En'ō			Year 1
1238	暦仁 Ryakunin			Year 1
1237	嘉禎 Katei			Year 3
1236				Year 2
1235				Year 1
1234	文暦 Bunryaku			Year 1
1233	天福 Tenpuku			Year 1
1232	貞永 Jōei			Year 1
1231	寛喜 Kangi			Year 3
1230				Year 2
1229				Year 1
1228	安貞 Antei			Year 2
1227	安貞 Antei			Year 1
1226	嘉禄 Karoku			Year 2
1225	嘉禄 Karoku			Year 1
1224	元仁 Gennin			Year 1
1223	貞応 Jōō			Year 2
1222	貞応 Jōō			Year 1
1221	承久 Jōkyū			Year 3
1220				Year 2
1219				Year 1
1218	建保 Kenpō			Year 6
1217				Year 5
1216				Year 4
1215				Year 3
1214				Year 2
1213				Year 1
1212	建暦 Kenryaku			Year 2
1211	建暦 Kenryaku			Year 1
1210	承元 Jōgen			Year 4
1209				Year 3
1208				Year 2
1207				Year 1
1206	建永 Ken'ei			Year 1
1205	元久 Genkyū			Year 2
1204	元久 Genkyū			Year 1
1203	建仁 Kennin			Year 3
1202				Year 2
1201				Year 1
1200	正治 Shōji			Year 2
1199	正治 Shōji			Year 1
1198	建久 Kenkyū			Year 9
1197				Year 8
1196				Year 7
1195				Year 6
1194				Year 5
1193				Year 4
1192				Year 3
1191				Year 2
1190				Year 1
1189	文治 Bunji			Year 5
1188				Year 4
1187				Year 3
1186				Year 2
1185				Year 1
Heian Period
1184	元暦 Genryaku			Year 1
1183	寿永 Juei			Year 2
1182	寿永 Juei			Year 1
1181	養和 Yōwa			Year 1
1180	治承 Jishō			Year 4
1179				Year 3
1178				Year 2
1177				Year 1
1176	安元 Angen			Year 2
1175	安元 Angen			Year 1
1174	承安 Shōan			Year 4
1173				Year 3
1172				Year 2
1171				Year 1
1170	嘉応 Kaō			Year 2
1169	嘉応 Kaō			Year 1
1168	仁安 Nin'an			Year 3
1167				Year 2
1166				Year 1
1165	永万 Eiman			Year 1
1164	長寛 Chōkan			Year 2
1163	長寛 Chōkan			Year 1
1162	応保 Ōho			Year 2
1161	応保 Ōho			Year 1
1160	永暦 Eiryaku			Year 1
1159	平治 Heiji			Year 1
1158	保元 Hōgen			Year 3
1157				Year 2
1156				Year 1
1155	久寿 Kyūju			Year 2
1154	久寿 Kyūju			Year 1
1153	仁平 Ninpei			Year 3
1152				Year 2
1151				Year 1
1150	久安 Kyūan			Year 6
1149				Year 5
1148				Year 4
1147				Year 3
1146				Year 2
1145				Year 1
1144	天養 Tenyō			Year 1
1143	康治 Kōji			Year 2
1142	康治 Kōji			Year 1
1141	永治 Eiji			Year 1
1140	保延 Hōen			Year 6
1139				Year 5
1138				Year 4
1137				Year 3
1136				Year 2
1135				Year 1
1134	長承 Chōshō			Year 3
1133				Year 2
1132				Year 1
1131	天承 Tenshō			Year 1
1130	大治 Daiji			Year 5
1129				Year 4
1128				Year 3
1127				Year 2
1126				Year 1
1125	天治 Tenji			Year 2
1124	天治 Tenji			Year 1
1123	保安 Hōan			Year 4
1122				Year 3
1121				Year 2
1120				Year 1
1119	元永 Gen'ei			Year 2
1118	元永 Gen'ei			Year 1
1117	永久 Eikyū			Year 5
1116				Year 4
1115				Year 3
1114				Year 2
1113				Year 1
1112	天永 Ten'ei			Year 3
1111				Year 2
1110				Year 1
1109	天仁 Tennin			Year 2
1108	天仁 Tennin			Year 1
1107	嘉承 Kajō			Year 2
1106	嘉承 Kajō			Year 1
1105	長治 Chōji			Year 2
1104	長治 Chōji			Year 1
1103	康和 Kōwa			Year 5
1102				Year 4
1101				Year 3
1100				Year 2
1099				Year 1
1098	承徳 Jōtoku			Year 2
1097	承徳 Jōtoku			Year 1
1096	永長 Eichō			Year 1
1095	嘉保 Kaho			Year 2
1094	嘉保 Kaho			Year 1
1093	寛治 Kanji			Year 7
1092				Year 6
1091				Year 5
1090				Year 4
1089				Year 3
1088				Year 2
1087				Year 1
1086	応徳 Ōtoku			Year 3
1085				Year 2
1084				Year 1
1083	永保 Eiho			Year 3
1082				Year 2
1081				Year 1
1080	承暦 Jōryaku			Year 4
1079				Year 3
1078				Year 2
1077				Year 1
1076	承保 Jōho			Year 3
1075				Year 2
1074				Year 1
1073	延久 Enkyū			Year 5
1072				Year 4
1071				Year 3
1070				Year 2
1069				Year 1
1068	治暦 Jiryaku			Year 4
1067				Year 3
1066				Year 2
1065				Year 1
1064	康平 Kōhei			Year 7
1063				Year 6
1062				Year 5
1061				Year 4
1060				Year 3
1059				Year 2
1058				Year 1
1057	天喜 Tengi			Year 5
1056				Year 4
1055				Year 3
1054				Year 2
1053				Year 1
1052	永承 Eishō			Year 7
1051				Year 6
1050				Year 5
1049				Year 4
1048				Year 3
1047				Year 2
1046				Year 1
1045	寛徳 Kantoku			Year 2
1044	寛徳 Kantoku			Year 1
1043	長久 Chōkyū			Year 4
1042				Year 3
1041				Year 2
1040				Year 1
1039	長暦 Chōryaku			Year 3
1038				Year 2
1037				Year 1
1036	長元 Chōgen			Year 9
1035				Year 8
1034				Year 7
1033				Year 6
1032				Year 5
1031				Year 4
1030				Year 3
1029				Year 2
1028				Year 1
1027	万寿 Manju			Year 4
1026				Year 3
1025				Year 2
1024				Year 1
1023	治安 Jian			Year 3
1022				Year 2
1021				Year 1
1020	寛仁 Kannin			Year 4
1019				Year 3
1018				Year 2
1017				Year 1
1016	長和 Chōwa			Year 5
1015				Year 4
1014				Year 3
1013				Year 2
1012				Year 1
1011	寛弘 Kankō			Year 8
1010				Year 7
1009				Year 6
1008				Year 5
1007				Year 4
1006				Year 3
1005				Year 2
1004				Year 1
1003	長保 Chōho			Year 5
1002				Year 4
1001				Year 3
1000				Year 2
999				Year 1
998	長徳 Chōtoku			Year 4
997				Year 3
996				Year 2
995				Year 1
994	正暦 Shōryaku			Year 5
993				Year 4
992				Year 3
991				Year 2
990				Year 1
989	永祚 Eiso			Year 1
988	永延 Eien			Year 2
987	永延 Eien			Year 1
986	寛和 Kanna			Year 2
985	寛和 Kanna			Year 1
984	永観 Eikan			Year 2
983	永観 Eikan			Year 1
982	天元 Tengen			Year 5
981				Year 4
980				Year 3
979				Year 2
978				Year 1
977	貞元 Jōgen			Year 2
976	貞元 Jōgen			Year 1
975	天延 Ten'en			Year 3
974				Year 2
973				Year 1
972	天禄 Tenroku			Year 3
971				Year 2
970				Year 1
969	安和 Anna			Year 2
968	安和 Anna			Year 1
967	康保 Kōho			Year 4
966				Year 3
965				Year 2
964				Year 1
963	応和 Ōwa			Year 3
962				Year 2
961				Year 1
960	天徳 Tentoku			Year 4
959				Year 3
958				Year 2
957				Year 1
956	天暦 Tenryaku			Year 10
955				Year 9
954				Year 8
953				Year 7
952				Year 6
951				Year 5
950				Year 4
949				Year 3
948				Year 2
947				Year 1
946	天慶 Tengyō			Year 9
945				Year 8
944				Year 7
943				Year 6
942				Year 5
941				Year 4
940				Year 3
939				Year 2
938				Year 1
937	承平 Jōhei			Year 7
936				Year 6
935				Year 5
934				Year 4
933				Year 3
932				Year 2
931				Year 1
930	延長 Enchō			Year 8
929				Year 7
928				Year 6
927				Year 5
926				Year 4
925				Year 3
924				Year 2
923				Year 1
922	延喜 Engi			Year 22
921				Year 21
920				Year 20
919				Year 19
918				Year 18
917				Year 17
916				Year 16
915				Year 15
914				Year 14
913				Year 13
912				Year 12
911				Year 11
910				Year 10
909				Year 9
908				Year 8
907				Year 7
906				Year 6
905				Year 5
904				Year 4
903				Year 3
902				Year 2
901				Year 1
900	昌泰 Shōtai			Year 3
899				Year 2
898				Year 1
897	寛平 Kanpyō			Year 9
896				Year 8
895				Year 7
894				Year 6
893				Year 5
892				Year 4
891				Year 3
890				Year 2
889				Year 1
888	仁和 Ninna			Year 4
887				Year 3
886				Year 2
885				Year 1
884	元慶 Gangyō			Year 8
883				Year 7
882				Year 6
881				Year 5
880				Year 4
879				Year 3
878				Year 2
877				Year 1
876	貞観 Jōgan			Year 18
875				Year 17
874				Year 16
873				Year 15
872				Year 14
871				Year 13
870				Year 12
869				Year 11
868				Year 10
867				Year 9
866				Year 8
865				Year 7
864				Year 6
863				Year 5
862				Year 4
861				Year 3
860				Year 2
859				Year 1
858	天安 Ten'an			Year 2
857	天安 Ten'an			Year 1
856	斉衡 Saikō			Year 3
855				Year 2
854				Year 1
853	仁寿 Ninju			Year 3
852				Year 2
851				Year 1
850	嘉祥 Kashō			Year 3
849				Year 2
848				Year 1
847	承和 Jōwa			Year 14
846				Year 13
845				Year 12
844				Year 11
843				Year 10
842				Year 9
841				Year 8
840				Year 7
839				Year 6
838				Year 5
837				Year 4
836				Year 3
835				Year 2
834				Year 1
833	天長 Tenchō			Year 10
832				Year 9
831				Year 8
830				Year 7
829				Year 6
828				Year 5
827				Year 4
826				Year 3
825				Year 2
824				Year 1
823	弘仁 Kōnin			Year 14
822				Year 13
821				Year 12
820				Year 11
819				Year 10
818				Year 9
817				Year 8
816				Year 7
815				Year 6
814				Year 5
813				Year 4
812				Year 3
811				Year 2
810				Year 1
809	大同 Daidō			Year 4
808				Year 3
807				Year 2
806				Year 1
Nara Period
805	延暦 Enryaku			Year 24
804				Year 23
803				Year 22
802				Year 21
801				Year 20
800				Year 19
799				Year 18
798				Year 17
797				Year 16
796				Year 15
795				Year 14
794				Year 13
793				Year 12
792				Year 11
791				Year 10
790				Year 9
789				Year 8
788				Year 7
787				Year 6
786				Year 5
785				Year 4
784				Year 3
783				Year 2
782				Year 1
781	天応 Ten'ō			Year 1
780	宝亀 Hōki			Year 11
779				Year 10
778				Year 9
777				Year 8
776				Year 7
775				Year 6
774				Year 5
773				Year 4
772				Year 3
771				Year 2
770				Year 1
769	神護景雲 Jingo-keiun			Year 3
768				Year 2
767				Year 1
766	天平神護 Tenpyō-jingo			Year 2
765	天平神護 Tenpyō-jingo			Year 1
764	天平宝字 Tenpyō-hōji			Year 8
763				Year 7
762				Year 6
761				Year 5
760				Year 4
759				Year 3
758				Year 2
757				Year 1
756	天平勝宝 Tenpyō-shōhō			Year 8
755				Year 7
754				Year 6
753				Year 5
752				Year 4
751				Year 3
750				Year 2
749				Year 1
748	天平 Tenpyō			Year 20
747				Year 19
746				Year 18
745				Year 17
744				Year 16
743				Year 15
742				Year 14
741				Year 13
740				Year 12
739				Year 11
738				Year 10
737				Year 9
736				Year 8
735				Year 7
734				Year 6
733				Year 5
732				Year 4
731				Year 3
730				Year 2
729				Year 1
728	神亀 Jinki			Year 5
727				Year 4
726				Year 3
725				Year 2
724				Year 1
723	養老 Yōrō			Year 7
722				Year 6
721				Year 5
720				Year 4
719				Year 3
718				Year 2
717				Year 1
716	霊亀 Reiki			Year 2
715	霊亀 Reiki			Year 1
714	和銅 Wadō			Year 7
713				Year 6
712				Year 5
711				Year 4
710				Year 3
709				Year 2
708				Year 1
707	慶雲 Keiun			Year 4
706				Year 3
705				Year 2
704				Year 1
703	大宝 Taihō			Year 3
702				Year 2
701				Year 1
700	No era name			—
699	No era name			—
698	No era name			—
697	No era name			—
696	No era name			—
695	No era name			—
694	No era name			—
693	No era name			—
692	No era name			—
691	No era name			—
690	No era name			—
689	No era name			—
688	No era name			—
687	No era name			—
Asuka Period
686	朱鳥 Shuchō			Year 1
685	No era name			—
684	No era name			—
683	No era name			—
682	No era name			—
681	No era name			—
680	No era name			—
679	No era name			—
678	No era name			—
677	No era name			—
676	No era name			—
675	No era name			—
674	No era name			—
673	No era name			—
672	No era name			—
671	No era name			—
670	No era name			—
669	No era name			—
668	No era name			—
667	No era name			—
666	No era name			—
665	No era name			—
664	No era name			—
663	No era name			—
662	No era name			—
661	No era name			—
660	No era name			—
659	No era name			—
658	No era name			—
657	No era name			—
656	No era name			—
655	No era name			—
654	No era name			—
653	白雉 Hakuchi			Year 4
652				Year 3
651				Year 2
650				Year 1
649	大化 Taika			Year 5
648				Year 4
647				Year 3
646				Year 2
645				Year 1

Quick Facts About Japanese Era Names

Japan has used era names (gengō) since 645 CE (Taika). While China, Korea, and Vietnam once used similar systems, Japan is the only country that continues this tradition today.
The longest era is Shōwa (1926–1989, approx. 62 years). Among pre-modern eras (before the one-reign-one-era rule introduced in Meiji), Ōei (1394–1428, 34 years) holds the record. Among the shortest are Man'ei (1860 only) and Shuchō (686 only), lasting just one year.
During the Nanbokuchō period (1336–1392), two rival courts used separate era names simultaneously: the Southern Court (Yoshino) and the Northern Court (Kyoto). The Southern Court is now recognized as the legitimate lineage.
Before the Meiji era, emperors often changed era names multiple times during a single reign — to counter calamities, epidemics, or inauspicious events. Since Meiji, Japan has followed Issei Ichigen (one era per emperor's reign).
The era name "Reiwa" was taken from the Man'yōshū (an 8th-century Japanese poetry anthology) — the first era name ever derived from a Japanese classic rather than Chinese texts.

Frequently Asked Questions

Japan has used 248 era names from Taika (645 CE) to the present, counting both the Southern and Northern Court eras during the Nanbokuchō period (1336–1392).

Japan's first era name was Taika (大化), proclaimed in 645 CE when Prince Naka no Ōe (later Emperor Tenji) and Nakatomi no Kamatari carried out the Taika Reform. It was modeled on the era name system used in Tang-dynasty China.

In 1911, the Japanese government officially recognized the Southern Court as the legitimate imperial line, based on the Southern Court's possession of the Three Sacred Treasures. This remains the accepted scholarly and official position.

Era names are established by cabinet ordinance. Candidates are proposed by scholars, reviewed by senior government officials (including parliamentary leaders and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), and decided by the Cabinet. Sources must be classical texts — historically Chinese, though Reiwa (2019) was the first taken from a Japanese classic (the Man'yōshū).

Side Note — The History of Japan's Era Name System

Japan has used 248 era names from Taika (645 CE) to Reiwa (counting both Southern and Northern Court eras during the Nanbokuchō period). Some eras lasted only a few months — such as Shuchō (686) — while others spanned decades.

There were two periods without any official era name: 654–685 CE (between Hakuchi and Shuchō, a 32-year gap) and 687–700 CE (between Shuchō and Taihō, a 14-year gap). During these intervals, years were counted by the emperor's reign year or by the sexagenary cycle (干支). Era names became consistently used only from Taihō (701 CE) onward.

Before the modern era, era name changes were frequent and often triggered by natural disasters, epidemics, fires, or astrological events — not just imperial successions. The Meiji era (1868) introduced the Issei Ichigen (one era per reign) principle, which has been followed ever since. "Reiwa," which began in 2019 upon Emperor Naruhito's accession, is Japan's 248th official era name.

Japanese Era Names (Gengō)

Quick Facts About Japanese Era Names

Frequently Asked Questions

How many era names has Japan had?

What was Japan's first era name?

Which court was legitimate during the Nanbokuchō period?

How is a new era name chosen?

Side Note — The History of Japan's Era Name System