Math

Prime Factorization Calculator (up to 1,000,000)

Instantly factorize any integer N from 2 to 1,000,000 into prime factors. Shows step-by-step division, divisors, divisor count, and divisor sum. Includes a 1–100 reference table.

Prime factorization table: 1–100

Reference table showing the prime factorization of every integer from 1 to 100. Primes are highlighted in green.

N Factorization Prime?
1 1
2 2 Prime
3 3 Prime
4
5 5 Prime
6 2 × 3
7 7 Prime
8
9
10 2 × 5
11 11 Prime
12 2² × 3
13 13 Prime
14 2 × 7
15 3 × 5
16 2⁴
17 17 Prime
18 2 × 3²
19 19 Prime
20 2² × 5
21 3 × 7
22 2 × 11
23 23 Prime
24 2³ × 3
25
26 2 × 13
27
28 2² × 7
29 29 Prime
30 2 × 3 × 5
31 31 Prime
32 2⁵
33 3 × 11
34 2 × 17
35 5 × 7
36 2² × 3²
37 37 Prime
38 2 × 19
39 3 × 13
40 2³ × 5
41 41 Prime
42 2 × 3 × 7
43 43 Prime
44 2² × 11
45 3² × 5
46 2 × 23
47 47 Prime
48 2⁴ × 3
49
50 2 × 5²
51 3 × 17
52 2² × 13
53 53 Prime
54 2 × 3³
55 5 × 11
56 2³ × 7
57 3 × 19
58 2 × 29
59 59 Prime
60 2² × 3 × 5
61 61 Prime
62 2 × 31
63 3² × 7
64 2⁶
65 5 × 13
66 2 × 3 × 11
67 67 Prime
68 2² × 17
69 3 × 23
70 2 × 5 × 7
71 71 Prime
72 2³ × 3²
73 73 Prime
74 2 × 37
75 3 × 5²
76 2² × 19
77 7 × 11
78 2 × 3 × 13
79 79 Prime
80 2⁴ × 5
81 3⁴
82 2 × 41
83 83 Prime
84 2² × 3 × 7
85 5 × 17
86 2 × 43
87 3 × 29
88 2³ × 11
89 89 Prime
90 2 × 3² × 5
91 7 × 13
92 2² × 23
93 3 × 31
94 2 × 47
95 5 × 19
96 2⁵ × 3
97 97 Prime
98 2 × 7²
99 3² × 11
100 2² × 5²

Tips

  • Prime factorization means expressing N as a product of prime numbers. Example: 360 = 2³ × 3² × 5. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees this representation is unique (up to order).
  • The number of divisors follows directly from the factorization. If N = p₁^e₁ × p₂^e₂ × …, the divisor count is (e₁+1)(e₂+1)… Example: 12 = 2² × 3 → (2+1)(1+1) = 6 divisors.
  • The sum of divisors is σ(N) = (1+p₁+…+p₁^e₁)(1+p₂+…+p₂^e₂)… Example: 12 → (1+2+4)(1+3) = 7 × 4 = 28.
  • The simplest factorization algorithm is trial division: divide by every integer from 2 up to √N. For N ≤ 1,000,000 this requires at most 1000 divisions — fast enough for real-time use.

FAQ

Yes — this is the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Every integer greater than 1 has exactly one prime factorization, up to the order of factors. For example, 12 = 2² × 3 is the only way to write 12 as a product of primes.

If N = p₁^e₁ × p₂^e₂ × …, any divisor is formed by choosing between 0 and eᵢ copies of each prime pᵢ. There are (e₁+1) choices for p₁, (e₂+1) for p₂, and so on — giving (e₁+1)(e₂+1)… divisors in total.

A perfect number equals the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except itself). The smallest is 6 (1+2+3 = 6), followed by 28 (1+2+4+7+14 = 28). Whether infinitely many perfect numbers exist is an open problem in mathematics.
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Side Note — RSA encryption and the hardness of factorization

RSA encryption — which secures HTTPS, email, and digital signatures — is built on the asymmetry between multiplication and factorization. Multiplying two large primes together (e.g. each ~1024 bits) takes milliseconds; factoring the resulting product back into those two primes is computationally infeasible with current technology.

A 2048-bit RSA modulus would take longer than the age of the universe to factor with the best-known classical algorithms. This "easy to multiply, hard to factor" asymmetry is the mathematical heart of public-key cryptography. Quantum computers (Shor's algorithm) would break RSA, which is why post-quantum cryptography is an active research area.