Scientific Calculator (sin, cos, tan, log, power, factorial)

A free scientific calculator supporting powers, square roots, trigonometric functions (sin/cos/tan), inverse trig, logarithms (log/ln), and factorials. Switch between degrees and radians. Type expressions directly to calculate.

Trigonometric values for special angles

Angle (degrees) Angle (radians) sin cos tan
0° 0 0 1 0
30° π/6 1/2 √3/2 1/√3
45° π/4 √2/2 √2/2 1
60° π/3 √3/2 1/2 √3
90° π/2 1 0 Undefined

Tips

  • Use ^ for powers. Example: 2^10 → 1024. The x² button is a shortcut that inserts ^2.
  • Trig function angles follow the current angle mode. In degrees, sin(30) is 0.5; in radians, sin(π/2) is 1.
  • Common logarithm (base 10) and natural logarithm (base e) can be entered with the log( and ln( buttons. log(100) → 2, ln(e) → 1.
  • For factorial, add ! right after a number. Example: 5! → 120. Negative numbers and non-integers will produce an error.
  • The π and e buttons insert the constants directly into the expression, so you can combine them, e.g. 2 * π.

FAQ

The regular calculator only supports the four basic operations and parentheses. This tool adds powers, square roots, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions, logarithms, and factorials — useful for homework, engineering calculations, or anywhere you need % or ^.

Degrees are more intuitive for everyday angles like 30° or 45°. Radians are the standard unit in calculus and most physics formulas. You can switch between the two at any time using the toggle above the input field.

Tangent is defined as sin divided by cos. At 90°, cos(90°) equals 0, which makes the division undefined (the value diverges to infinity). This is a mathematical property, not a bug in the calculator.

Factorial is only defined for non-negative integers. Negative numbers (e.g. (-1)!) and non-integers (e.g. 3.5!) will produce an error. Factorials of 171 or higher are also unsupported because the result becomes too large to represent precisely.

asin (arcsine) and acos (arccosine) are only defined for inputs between -1 and 1. For example, asin(2) is outside this range and will produce an error — a direct consequence of sin and cos always returning values between -1 and 1.
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Side Note — What actually separates a "scientific" calculator from a regular one

The term "scientific calculator" refers to a device that, unlike a basic four-function calculator, supports the functions used in engineering and science — trigonometry, logarithms, and exponentiation. The first handheld scientific calculator, the HP-35, launched in 1972 and is widely credited with making the slide rule obsolete almost overnight for engineers.

Degrees and radians are both units for measuring angles, but they are built on different foundations. Degrees divide a full circle into 360 parts, a convention thought to trace back to Babylonian base-60 mathematics. Radians, by contrast, are defined by the ratio of arc length to radius, making them the natural unit in mathematics and physics — a full circle is both 360° and 2π radians.

Logarithms (log and ln) turn multiplication into addition, a property that made them an indispensable tool for astronomers and navigators long before calculators or slide rules existed. When John Napier introduced logarithms in the 17th century, it dramatically cut the time needed for the complex astronomical calculations of the era.

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